Resources may be scarce and policy makers might have to make difficult decisions about what to buy. But a more rational strategy that invests early for later benefits would make sometimes nitpicking and frequently complicated comparisons between the value of one "flagship" prevention program and another irrelevant.
The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test measures verbal ability or scholastic aptitude of children aged two years and upwards.
An effect size is calculated to indicate the impact of a program in standard units. The use of standard units means that scores can be compared across a number of different evaluations or programs.
Poverty refers to poor living standards owing to deficient resources.
Intention to Treat is a term used in experimental evaluation to indicate that analysis of the results will include all cases randomly allocated to the intervention group, whether or not they receive the intervention.
Part of President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty, Head Start was a pioneer in early years prevention programs. It is also the most used, having served more than 20 million preschool children since it was introduced in 1965.
Developed by the Division of Special Services of the Ypsilanti School District, Michigan, between 1962 and 1967, the High/Scope or Perry Preschool program provides one or two years of part-day educational services and home visits for low-income three- and four-year-old children.
The Abecedarian program provides high quality pre-school and educational childcare for children from birth to five years from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Child-Parent Center (CPC) is an early childhood prevention program established in Chicago in the late 1960s, and brought to notice by the Chicago Longitudinal Study, a prospective quasi-experimental evaluation of children born in 1979 or 1980, some of whom – the experiment group – attended CPC between 1985 or 1986.
social exclusion
Social exclusion refers to the involuntary detachment of an individual from mainstream society, usually as a result of the long-term accumulation of multidimensional disadvantage.